They Established a Settlement in Vinland Archaeological evidence at L’Anse aux Meadows (Newfoundland, Canada) confirms that Vikings set up a small settlement, calling the land Vinland due to its wild grapes.
Conflicts with Indigenous Peoples The Vikings encountered Native American tribes (whom they called "Skrælings"). Tensions led to violent clashes, making it difficult to establish a permanent colony.
Harsh Climate and Limited Resources North America's colder climate and harsh winters, combined with difficulties in farming and resource shortages, made survival challenging.
Isolation from Scandinavia Unlike Viking settlements in Iceland and Greenland, Vinland was too far from Europe for consistent trade and support, making it unsustainable.
Abandonment and Return to Greenland After a few years, the Vikings abandoned Vinland, returning to Greenland. There’s no evidence they ever returned to North America in large numbers.
Viking Legacy and Archaeological Discoveries Though their stay was short, the Viking presence in North America is historically significant. Modern digs in Canada continue to uncover new Viking artifacts.