Rainbows occur when light is refracted and reflected through water droplets, creating a spectrum of colors.
Halos are optical phenomena created by the refraction of light through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
Sun dogs, or "parhelia," appear when sunlight passes through ice crystals in high-altitude clouds, creating bright spots.
A mirage occurs when layers of air at different temperatures cause light to bend, creating distorted images like pools of water.
Glories are circular bands of color that appear around the shadow of an observer’s head, caused by tiny water droplets or mist.
Coronas form when light is diffracted by water droplets or ice crystals, producing rainbow-like rings around the sun or moon.
A rare phenomenon where the top edge of the sun briefly appears green as it sets, caused by atmospheric refraction.